• Conduct routine and detailed eye examinations. • Diagnose vision defects, injuries, and ocular diseases (e.g., glaucoma, macular degeneration). • Prescribe glasses, contact lenses, and low‑vision aids. • Provide medical management of certain eye conditions and prescribe medications where permitted. • Identify signs of systemic health issues (e.g., diabetes, hypertension). • Maintain accurate patient records and ensure regulatory compliance. • Make referrals to ophthalmologists or other specialists when needed. • Supervise or train optometry students and optical staff (role‑dependent)